能源化工行業外在分析(英文版)(ppt 45頁)

能源化工行業外在分析(英文版)內容提要：
Industry Environment：
A set of factors that directly influences a company and its competitive actions and responses.
Interaction among these factors determine an industry’s profit potential.
Threat of new entrants
Power of suppliers
Power of buyers
Product substitutes
Intensity of rivalry
……

Threat of New Entrants：
Barriers to entry
Economies of scale
Product differentiation
Capital requirements
Switching costs轉換成本
Access to distribution channels
Cost disadvantages independent of scale無關規模之成本優勢
Government policy
Expected retaliation預期的報複行動
……

Threat of Substitute Products：
Product substitutes are strong threat when:
customers face few switching costs
substitute product’s price is lower(廠商的財力)
substitute product’s quality and performance capabilities are equal to or greater than those of the competing product

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