機械行業電子類文獻原文（英文版）(DOC 12頁)

機械行業電子類文獻原文（英文版）(DOC 12頁)簡介：
The tooling geometry, including the punch, die and blankholder,were designed using the CAD program PRO/ENGINEER. Both the 3-node and 4-node shell elements were adopted to generate the mesh systems for the above tooling using the same CAD program. For the finite-element simulation,the tooling is considered to be rigid, and the corresponding meshes are used only to define the tooling geometry and are not for stress analysis. The same CAD program using 4-node shell elements was employed to construct the mesh system for the sheet blank. Figure 2 shows the mesh system for the complete set of tooling and the sheet-blank used in the stamping of a tapered square cup. Owing to the symmetric conditions, only a quarter of the square cup is analysed. In the simulation, the sheet blank is put on the blank-holder and the die is moved down to clamp the sheet blank against the blank-holder. The punch is then moved up to draw the sheet metal into the die cavity.
In order to perform an accurate finite-element analysis, the actual stress–strain relationship of the sheet metal is required as part of the input data.In the present study, sheet metal with deep-drawing quality is used in the simulations.A tensile test has been conducted for the specimens cut along planes coinciding with the rolling direction (0°) and at angles of 45°and 90°to the rolling direction.The average flow stress σ,calculated from the equation σ=（σ0+2σ45+σ90）/4, for each measured true strain,as shown in Fig.3, is used for the simulations for the stampings of the tapered square cup and also for the stepped rectangular cup.
All the simulations performed in the present study were run on an SGI Indigo 2 workstation using the finite-element program PAMFSTAMP. To complete the set of input data required for the simulations, the punch speed is set to 10 m s_1 and a coefficient of Coulomb friction equal to 0.1 is assumed.

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