Planning Tools and Techniques9 (ppt 20頁)

Planning Tools and Techniques9 Intorduction:
Thniques for Assessing the Environment
List three different approaches to environmental scanning.
Explain what competitor intelligence is and ways that managers can do it legally and ethically.
Describe how managers can improve the effectiveness of forecasting.
Techniques for Allocating Resources
List the four techniques for allocating resources.
Describe the different types of budgets.
Tell what a Gantt chart does.
Explain a load chart.
Techniques for Allocating Resources (cont’d)
Describe how a PERT network analysis works.
Compute breakeven point.
Describe how managers can use linear programming.
Contemporary Planning Techniques
Explain why flexibility is so important to today’s planning techniques.
Describe project management.
List the steps in the project planning process.
Discuss why scenario planning has become an important planning tool for managers.
Environmental Scanning
The screening of large amounts of information to anticipate and interpret change in the environment.
Competitor Intelligence
The process by which organizations gather information about their competitors
Who they are?; what are they doing?
Is not spying but rather careful attention to readily accessible information from employees, customers, suppliers, the Internet, and competitors themselves.
May involved reverse engineering of competing products to discover technical innovations.

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