市場品質FMEA模式管理分析(ppt 86頁)

市場品質FMEA模式管理分析目錄：
一、例題
二、做FMEA須注意的事項
三、FMEA的效用

市場品質FMEA模式管理分析內容提要：
1如果不這麼做,可能變成何種結果?(刪除)
2.與此相反方向(方式)去做,將變成如何?(正與反)
3.這樣是否屬於異常現象?何時發生的?(正常與例外)
4.將發生變化的事物予以例外處理(定數與孌數)
5.變大後可能如何?變小後又將如何?(擴大與縮小)
6.將此事物結合起來可能如何?分拆出來又如何?(結合與分離)
7.歸納集合起來將如何?分割出來又將如何?(集約與分散)
8.試予附加,或將某些部份劃分出去將會如何?(附加與削除)
9.修正組合關係(順序之置換)
10.差異點試予利用(共同與差異)
11.是否可使用其它的事物?設法以其它的事物替代之.(充足與替代)
12.同時做?或一件一件地做?(平行與直列)
1.鑒別法:這種方法是把不良品挑選出來,有時這種方法會當作一種檢驗手段.
Informative Inspection. This uses data gained from inspection to control the process and prevent defects (SPC or measurement). Both successive checks and self-checks in ZQC are also a type of informative inspection. Successive checks were Shingo's response to the insight that improvements are more rapid when quality feedback is more rapid.
2.統計分析法:這種方法是分析從檢查中獲得數據數據,從而預防不良品產生,在零品管中順序檢查與自主檢查也是統計分析的一種.順序檢查是Shingo洞察的結果:當質量的回饋迅速,改善也就越迅速.
Source Inspection. This determines before the fact, whether the conditions necessary for high quality exist. With source inspection, poka-yoke devices ensure that proper operating conditions exist prior to actual production. Often these devices are also designed to prevent processes from being performed, until the necessary conditions are satisfied.
3.源流預防法:在不良品產生前,就確認是否存在生產高質量產品所必須具備的條件.在源流預防法中,防呆法確保在產品量產前就研究導入正確的作業方法. 否則就不予量產,除非有滿意的作業方法
General Motors had an operation which involved welding nuts into a sheet metal panel. When the panel is loaded by the operator, the weld nuts are fed automatically underneath the panel, the machine cycles, and the weld nuts are welded to the panel. If the equipment jams or misfeeds and there is no nut loaded, the machine will still cycle. Therefore, there is some probability of failure of the process. An error of this nature is sometimes not detected until the car is welded together. This results in a major repair or rework activity. To correct this problem, a wire was passed through a hole in the electrode holding the nut, insulating it away from the electrode so as it passes through it will only make contact with the weld nut. Since the weld nut is metal, it conducts electricity and with the nut present, current will flow through, allowing the machine to complete its cycle. If a nut is not present, there will be no current flow. The process is controlled so that the machine will actually remain idle unless there is a nut in place.
通用汽車公司在汽車製造過程中有道工序,就是要把螺母焊接到一塊金屬麵板上.當操作員把金屬麵板放上工位時,這個焊接的螺母要被自動送到金屬麵板下麵,然後機器起動,把螺母焊接到金屬麵板上.如果設備卡殼或是誤送就沒有螺母被上工位,但機器仍然會起動,這樣就有可能造成工序失敗.這種錯誤有時是偵測不出來的,直到汽車全部焊接起來後才可能偵測出來,結果就導致重工或維修.解決這一問題的方法是:把一個導線穿過在電極上固定螺母用的孔.導線與電極之間絕緣,但可與螺母導通,當螺母確實放置好了的時候,電流就會通過螺母使機器起動,如果螺母沒有放置上去,就會沒有電流通過,這樣製程就在受控狀態之下.除非有螺母,否則機器就會閑著不動.
Source inspection, self-checks, and successive checks are inspection techniques used to understand and manage the process more effectively. Each involves inspecting 100 % of the process output. In this sense, ZQC is a misnomer. These inspection techniques are intended to increase the speed with which quality feedback is received. Although every item is inspected, Shingo was emphatic that the purpose of the inspection is to improve the process and prevent defects, and therefore is not intended to sort out defects (although in some cases that may also be an outcome).
源流預防,自主檢查以及順序檢查都是用來了解與管理製程,並使之更有效的一種檢查方法.針對100%檢查的製程,如果稱其為零品管可能是不恰當.但是這些檢查方法是為了增加質量反饋的速度,盡管每一個項目都檢查,但Shingo堅決認為這種檢查的目的是改善製程和預防不良,而不是試圖挑出不良品(盡管在有些情況下可能是).

..............................