Motivating Employees 16 (ppt 29頁)

What Is Motivation?
Define motivation.
Explain motivation as a need-satisfying process.
Motivating Employees 16 Intoruction:
Early Theories of Motivation
Describe the five levels in Maslow’s hierarchy and how Maslow’s hierarchy can be used in motivational efforts.
Discuss how Theory X and Theory Y managers approach motivation.
Describe Herzberg’s motivation-hygiene theory.
Explain Herzberg’s views of satisfaction and dissatisfaction.
Contemporary Theories of Motivation
Describe the three needs McClelland proposed as being present in work settings.
Explain how goal-setting and reinforcement theories explain employee motivation.
Describe the job characteristics model as a way to design motivating jobs.
Discuss the motivation implications of equity theory.
Contrast distributive and procedural justice.
Explain the three key linkages in expectancy theory and their role in motivation.
Current Issues in Motivation
Describe the cross-cultural challenges of motivation.
Discuss the challenges managers face in motivating unique groups of workers.
Describe open-book management and employee recognition, pay-for-performance, and stock option programs.
Motivation
The processes that account for an individual’s willingness to exert high levels of effort to reach organizational goals, conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need.
Effort: a measure of intensity or drive.
Direction: toward organizational goals
Need: personalized reason to exert effort
Motivation works best when individual needs are compatible with organizational goals.
Need
An internal state that makes certain outcomes appear attractive.
An unsatisfied need creates tension which is reduced by an individual’s efforts to satisfy the need.
Early Theories of Motivation
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
MacGregor’s Theories X and Y
Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory

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