Motivation Theory（英文版）(ppt 17頁)
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Motivation Theory（英文版）內容提要：
Motivation:
the willingness to exert high levels of effort toward organizational goals,conditioned by the effort’s ability to satisfy some individual need
Need:some internal state that makes certain outcomes appear attractive
Process:unsatisfied need---tension---drives---search behavior---satisfied need----reduction of tension
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Hierarchy of Needs Theory Abraham Maslow
There is a hierarchy of 5 needs---physiological, safety,social,esteem,& self-actualization---and as each need is sequentially satisfied,the next need becomes dominant
Separation:Lower order needs---needs that are satisfied externally; physiological & safety needs
review:1.intuitively logical,ease of understanding, receiving wide recognition, particularly among practicing managers. 2.little empirical support
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Theory X and Theory Y
Douglas McGregor proposed 2 distinct views of human being
The assumption that employees dislike work,are lazy,dislike responsibility,& must be coerced to perform
employees dislike work &,whenever possible,will attempt to avoid it; They must be coerced,controlled,or threatened with punishment to achieve goals; avoid responsibilities & seek formal direction whenever possible; Most workers place security above all other factors associated with work & will display little ambition
Theory Y: The assumption that employees like work,are creative,seek responsibility,& can exercise self-direction higher order needs dominate individuals
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