風險分析及方法簡述(doc 11頁)

風險分析及方法簡述內容提要：
1 Basic Risk Management Facilitation Methods 基本的風險管理的便利方法
Some of the simple techniques that are commonly used to structure risk management by organizing data and facilitating decision-making are:
下麵是一些簡單的通常使用的方法，進行風險管理和製定決策：
? Flowcharts/流程圖
? Check Sheets/檢查清單
? Process Mapping/過程圖
? Cause and Effect Diagrams (also called an Ishikawa diagram or fish bone diagram)/因果圖（或者叫魚骨圖）
2 Failure Mode Effects Analysis (FMEA) 失效模式與效果分析
2.1 Describe/描述
FMEA (see IEC 60812) provides for an evaluation of potential failure modes for processes and their likely effect on outcomes and/or product performance. Once failure modes are established, risk reduction can be used to eliminate, contain, reduce or control the potential failures. FMEA relies on product and process understanding. FMEA methodically breaks down the analysis of complex processes into manageable steps. It is a powerful tool for summarizing the important modes of failure, factors causing these failures and the likely effects of these failures.
FMEA提供了工藝潛在失效模式的評估和對產品性能或結果的潛在影響。一旦將建立了失效模式，風險的降低可被用來消除、囊括、降低或控製潛在的失效活動。FMEA依賴於對產品和工藝的理解。FMEA將複雜的工藝係統地分解為簡單的步驟。FMEA對重要的失效模式、引起失效的因素以及失效可能帶來的後果進行彙總的有力工具。
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